Learn Python
- Python basic
- Introduction to File Handling
- Basics of List Comprehension
- Introduction to Matplotlib
- Classes and Objects
- Introduction to Functions
- Python Numbers
- Creating Basic Plots
- Opening and closing files
- Function parameters and arguments
- Advanced Techniques
- Attributes and Methods
- Python Strings
- Scope and lifetime of variables
- Advanced Plotting
- Reading from files
- Performance and Limitations
- Encapsulation
- Python List
- Specialized Plots
- Writing to files
- Return statement and output
- Inheritance
- Python Tuple
- Advanced Customization
- Working with different file formats
- Lambda Functions
- Polymorphism
- Python Sets
- File management operations
Python Sets
Built-in Set methods
Sets in Python come with various methods that allow you to modify and interact with their elements. Here's a breakdown of some commonly used methods:
1. Adding elements
- add(element)
This method adds a new element to the set. If the element already exists, it's ignored (no duplicates allowed).
fruits = {"apple", "banana"}
fruits.add("orange") # Adds "orange" to the set
print(fruits) # Output: {'apple', 'orange', 'banana'}2. Removing elements
- remove(element)
This method removes the specified element from the set. If the element is not found, it raises a KeyError.
fruits = {"apple", "banana", "orange"}
fruits.remove("banana") # Removes "banana"
print(fruits) # Output: {'apple', 'orange'}- discard(element)
This method is similar to remove but doesn't raise an error if the element is not found. It silently ignores the removal request.
fruits = {"apple", "orange"}
fruits.discard("mango") # No error, "mango" not present
print(fruits) # Output: {'apple', 'orange'} (Unchanged)- pop()
This method removes and returns an arbitrary element from the set. However, it raises a KeyError if the set is empty.
fruits = {"apple", "orange"}
removed_fruit = fruits.pop() # Removes and returns an element (e.g., "apple")
print(fruits) # Output: {'orange'}
print(removed_fruit) # Output: "apple" (Example)3. Modifying the Set
- clear()
This method removes all elements from the set, essentially making it empty.
fruits = {"apple", "orange"}
fruits.clear()
print(fruits) # Output: set() (Empty set)- update(iterable)
This method updates the set by adding elements from an iterable (like a list, tuple, or another set). Duplicates are removed during the update.
fruits = {"apple", "orange"}
new_fruits = ["mango", "banana", "apple"]
fruits.update(new_fruits) # Adds elements from the list
print(fruits) # Output: {'apple', 'orange', 'mango', 'banana'} (Duplicates removed)4. Set update methods (update the set based on operations)
- intersection_update(iterable)
This method updates the set with the intersection of itself and another iterable. It keeps only elements common to both sets.
fruits = {"apple", "orange", "mango"}
available_fruits = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
fruits.intersection_update(available_fruits) # Keeps only common fruits
print(fruits) # Output: {'apple'}- difference_update(iterable)
This method updates the set with the difference of itself and another iterable. It keeps elements present in the first set but not in the second.
fruits = {"apple", "orange", "mango"}
unavailable_fruits = {"orange", "grape"}
fruits.difference_update(unavailable_fruits) # Removes unavailable fruits
print(fruits) # Output: {'apple', 'mango'}- symmetric_difference_update(iterable)
This method updates the set with the symmetric difference of itself and another iterable. It keeps elements that are unique to either set.
fruits = {"apple", "orange", "mango"}
available_fruits = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
fruits.symmetric_difference_update(available_fruits) # Keeps fruits unique to each set
print(fruits) # Output: {'orange', 'mango', 'cherry'}Practice scenarios:
1. Removing duplicates from a list:
numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 1]
unique_numbers = set(numbers)
print(unique_numbers) # Output: {1, 2, 3, 4} (Duplicates removed)2.Finding common elements between sets:
set1 = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
set2 = {"mango", "banana", "grape"}
common_fruits = set1.intersection(set2)
print(common_fruits) # Output {'banana'}It's time to take a quiz!
Test your knowledge and see what you've just learned.
What will be the output of the following code: fruits = {"apple", "banana"}; fruits.add("orange"); print(fruits)?
A{"apple", "banana"}
B{"apple", "orange", "banana"}
C{"apple", "banana", "orange"}
D{"banana", "orange"}
Check Answer
What will be the output after executing: fruits = {"apple", "banana", "orange"}; fruits.remove("banana"); print(fruits)?
A{"banana", "orange"}
B{"apple", "orange"}
C{"apple", "banana"}
D{"apple", "banana", "orange"}
Check Answer
What happens if you execute: fruits = {"apple", "orange"}; fruits.discard("mango"); print(fruits)?
A{"apple", "orange"}
B{"apple"}
C{"orange"}
D{"mango", "apple", "orange"}
Check Answer
What will the output be after executing: fruits = {"apple", "orange"}; fruits.clear(); print(fruits)?
A{"apple", "orange"}
B{}
Cset()
DNone
Check Answer
What will be the output after executing: fruits = {"apple", "orange"}; fruits.update(["banana", "apple"]); print(fruits)?
D{"orange", "banana"}
A{"apple", "orange", "banana", "apple"}
B{"apple", "orange", "banana"}
C{"banana", "apple"}
Check Answer